huCD86 Mouse

The CD86 gene (Cluster of Differentiation 86) encodes a critical type I transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a potent costimulatory ligand in the adaptive immune response. Primarily expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)—including activated B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—the CD86 protein (also known as B7-2) acts as a ligand for two distinct receptors on T cells: the stimulatory receptor CD28 and the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 ^[1]. Its primary function is to provide the "second signal" necessary for T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production following the initial recognition of an antigen. Beyond lymphoid tissues, CD86 labeling is a hallmark of activated myeloid lineages and is often used to characterize M1-polarized macrophages ^[2]. Dysregulation of the CD86 pathway is significantly associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as the immune evasion mechanisms observed in several types of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors ^[3].

The huCD86 mouse model was generated by replacing the endogenous extracellular domain of mouse Cd86 with the extracellular domain of human CD86, while retaining the mouse signal peptide and aa.245~309. This model is suitable for the study of various autoimmune diseases—including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)—as well as multiple malignancies, and for the development of CD86-targeted therapeutics.