Glul-flox Mouse
一般名
Glul-flox
製品ID
S-CKO-02655
背景情報
C57BL/6JCya
系統ID
CKOCMP-14645-Glul-B6J-VA
状況
このマウス系統を論文で使用する場合は、「Glul-flox Mouse（カタログ番号S-CKO-02655）はサイアジェンから購入しました。」と引用してください。
製品タイプ
年齢
遺伝子型
性別
数量
標準的な配送方法では、少なくとも3匹のヘテロ接合体キャリアを保証しています。ホモ接合体キャリアや指定された性別の個体の繁殖サービスも利用可能です。
基本情報
系統名
Glul-flox
系統ID
CKOCMP-14645-Glul-B6J-VA
遺伝子名
製品ID
S-CKO-02655
遺伝子別名
GS, Glns
遺伝子別名
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
修正
Conditional knockout
染色体
Chr 1
表現型
アプリケーション
--
さらに
系統詳細
EnsemblトランスクリプトID
ENSMUST00000086199
NCBIトランスクリプトID
NM_008131
ターゲット領域
Exon 4~6
有効領域の大きさ
~1.6 kb
遺伝子研究の概要
Glul, also known as glutamate-ammonia ligase or glutamine synthetase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of ammonium and glutamate into glutamine. This reaction is crucial for multiple biological processes, including ammonia detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and proliferation. Glul-related pathways are involved in glutamine metabolism, which is closely linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via reversed glutaminolysis [1,2,3,5].
In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), PHF8 transcriptionally up-regulates Glul, promoting lipid deposition and tumor growth. Pharmacological inhibition of Glul represses ccRCC lipid deposition and tumor growth [1].
In gastric cancer, low Glul expression is associated with poor prognosis, and Glul knockdown promotes cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis, while overexpression has the opposite effect [2].
In breast cancer, higher Glul expression is associated with larger tumor size and higher HER2 expression, and Glul knockdown in SK-BR-3 cells decreases proliferation ability [4].
In non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), Glul ablation confers resistance to several anticancer drugs in A549 cells but not H1299 cells, with resistant cells relying more on exogenous glucose and showing increased activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle [5].
In luminal subtype breast cancer MCF7 cells, Glul knockdown combined with restricted glucose level synergistically inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis [6].
In endothelial cells, genetic deletion of Glul impairs vessel sprouting during vascular development, and pharmacological blockade suppresses angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration [7].
In conclusion, Glul plays essential roles in various biological processes and diseases. Gene-knockout (KO) or conditional-knockout (CKO) models, though not always explicitly mentioned in all references, have likely contributed to understanding its role in cancer (such as ccRCC, gastric, breast, and lung cancer), adipocyte differentiation, and angiogenesis. These models help to reveal how Glul affects disease-related biological processes, providing potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
References：
1. Peng, Song, Wang, Ze, Tang, Peng, Jiang, Jun, Liu, Qiuli. 2023. PHF8-GLUL axis in lipid deposition and tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In Science advances, 9, eadf3566. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf3566. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37531433/
2. Jiang, Qiwei, Li, Yong, Cai, Songwang, Chen, Zhesheng, Shi, Zhi. 2023. GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progresses of gastric cancer. In Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 14, 698-711. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322340/
3. Polletta, Lucia, Vernucci, Enza, Carnevale, Ilaria, Russo, Matteo A, Tafani, Marco. . SIRT5 regulation of ammonia-induced autophagy and mitophagy. In Autophagy, 11, 253-70. doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1009778. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25700560/
4. Wang, Yanyan, Fan, Shaohua, Lu, Jun, Wu, Zhiyong, Zheng, Yuanlin. 2017. GLUL Promotes Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. In Journal of cellular biochemistry, 118, 2018-2025. doi:10.1002/jcb.25775. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27791265/
5. Muthu, Magesh, Kumar, Ranjeet, Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid, Persson, Jenny L, Nordström, Anders. 2019. GLUL Ablation Can Confer Drug Resistance to Cancer Cells via a Malate-Aspartate Shuttle-Mediated Mechanism. In Cancers, 11, . doi:10.3390/cancers11121945. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31817360/
6. Karimpur Zahmatkesh, Arezu, Khalaj-Kondori, Mohammad, Hosseinpour Feizi, Mohammad Ali, Baradaran, Behzad. 2023. GLUL gene knockdown and restricted glucose level show synergistic inhibitory effect on the luminal subtype breast cancer MCF7 cells' proliferation and metastasis. In EXCLI journal, 22, 847-861. doi:10.17179/excli2023-6287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37780942/
7. Eelen, Guy, Dubois, Charlotte, Cantelmo, Anna Rita, Wu, Xu, Carmeliet, Peter. 2018. Role of glutamine synthetase in angiogenesis beyond glutamine synthesis. In Nature, 561, 63-69. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0466-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30158707/
品質管理基準
精子検査
凍結前の精子濃度を測定し、精子の生存能力の判定します。
凍結後の精子では、各バッチから1本の凍結保存された精子を選び出し、体外受精に使用します。
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